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GlucaGen HypoKit or Glucagon Emergency: IM, IV, SubQ: 1 mg; may repeat in 15 minutes as needed. Gvoke: SubQ: 1 mg; may repeat in 15 minutes as needed using a new device. Intranasal: 3 mg (one actuation) into a single nostril; if no response, may repeat in 15 minutes using a new intranasal device.
When administered via the IM route at a dose of 2 mg, glucagon reaches maximum glucose concentration within 30 minutes. This medication induces gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation with an onset of 4 to 7 minutes and a duration of 21 to 32 minutes.
The duration of hyperglycemic action after intravenous or intramuscular injection is 60 to 90 minutes. Figure 1. Recovery from Insulin Induced Hypoglycemia (mean blood glucose) After Intramuscular Injection of 1 mg of Another Glucagon for Injection Product in Type I Diabetic Men
With intramuscular dosing, maximum plasma concentrations of 6.9 ng/mL were attained approximately 13 minutes after dosing. Glucagon is extensively degraded in liver, kidney, and plasma....
The onset of action of glucagon is within 5 minutes and the duration of action is 15 minutes. Therefore, the bolus must be followed with an infusion of 3-5 mg or more per hour in order to support the heart rate and blood pressure.
The duration of action of glucagon injection is 60 to 90 minutes after intravenous or intramuscular injection. The half-life of glucagon is approximately 26 minutes after intramuscular administration and 42 minutes after subcutaneous administration 2 .
Glucagon Trade Names: Glucagen, Glucagon Class: Pancreatic hormone, anti-hypoglycemic agent Pharmacology: Onset: within 1 min Duration: 60-90 min Results in blood glucose elevation by increasing the breakdown of glycogen to glucose and stimulating glucose synthesis.
Precautions: supplemental carbohydrates should be given to patients who respond to Glucagon for severe hypoglycemia to prevent secondary hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. adverse effects: Hypotension, hypertension, and tachycardia. nausea and vomiting (may be treated with dimenhydrinate 25-50 mg iv or 50 mg iM or 50-100 mg Po).
Intramuscular Administration: Commonly used in emergency situations outside of hospitals, IM injections can take about 10 to 15 minutes to start showing effects. Subcutaneous Administration: This method might take longer than IM but is still effective for managing hypoglycemic episodes.
Glucagon accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, elevating blood glucose levels. It is only effective in treating hypoglycemia if liver glycogen is available.