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Aida Villanueva & Ken-Hou Lin 3 little is known about the relationship between parenthood and labor earnings among women in developing societies. In this article, we ask if motherhood is associated with lower labor earnings in a set of five middle-income Latin American countries. Moreover, we explore the relationship between (potential)
After accounting for selection into employment and human capital, we find that mothers receive lower wages than childless women in all five countries. The penalties are similar to those found in some developed countries, ranging from 12 percent in Brazil to 21 percent in Chile.
Motherhood wage penalties in Latin America: The significance of labor informality
Motherhood Wage Penalties in Latin America: The Significance of Labor Informality . Why is the American South Poorer? Do Energy Burdens Contribute to Economic Poverty in the United States? A Panel Analysis. The Silver Bullet? Assessing the Role of Education for Sustainability. Do Family Privileges Bring Gender Equality?
revious research has established the presence of a motherhood wage penalty in many developed societies; however, whether mothers face similar disadvantages in developing countries remains underexplored. This article argues that different intervening factors emerge when considering mothers' labor ...
Motherhood Wage Penalties in Latin America: The Significance of Labor Informality
Forthcoming Lin, Ken-Hou, Carolina Aragão, and Guillermo Dominguez. “Firm Size and Employment Security during the Pandemic.” Socius. 2020 Villanueva, Aida* and Ken-Hou Lin. “Motherhood Wage Penalties in Latin America: The Significance of Labor Informality.” Social Forces. 99(1): 59–85
Our findings highlight the significance of institutional context in amplifying and attenuating the reward and penalty associated with gender and parental status. Women's numbers in high-paying, male-dominated occupations have risen in the past three decades, but they disproportionately hold lower-paying jobs within those occupations.
Means and Proportions. Working Women, Only Salaried. Mothers and Childless, 25–40 Years Old, Household Heads and Partners, in Urban Areas.