从八省联考到纽结理论 | 飞雪斋
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一个游戏工作室Treyarch的logo，很像三叶结，但仔细观察会发现其实是平凡结. 给定两个结，怎么判定它们其实是同一种结？ 对这么简单的结，我们可以目测判定。 但是对更复杂的形状，目测就会失效，所以数学家希望找到合适的数学方法去研究扭结。 问题是，同一个扭结，形状可以千变万化。 我们需要忽略绝大多数变化，只关注我们需要的变化。 所以，数学家需要寻找的是“不变量”，也就是变化对象的某个不变的属性。 就像我们再次见到几十年没见到的朋友，也许他的外貌变化很大，但是你可能发现，他的声音，神态，举止没有变化。 那么这些属性就是“不变量”，这些属性可以帮我们识别一个人。 对一个扭结来说，有哪些不变量？ 你能想到的第一个属性应该是交叉点数。
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